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Operation Serval
Operation Serval ((フランス語:Opération Serval)) was a French military operation in Mali. The aim of the operation was to oust Islamic militants in the north of Mali, who had begun a push into the center of Mali.
Operation Serval followed the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2085 of 20 December 2012 and an official request by the Malian interim government for French military assistance.〔(Security Council Authorizes Deployment of African-led International Support Mission in Mali for Initial Year-Long Period ) (full text of the resolution)〕 The operation ended on 15 July 2014, and was replaced by Operation Barkhane, which launched on 1 August 2014 to fight Islamist fighters in the Sahel.〔(Au Sahel, l'opération «Barkhane» remplace «Serval» ) 〕 Three of the five Islamic leaders, Abdelhamid Abou Zeid, Abdel Krim and Omar Ould Hamaha were killed, while Mokhtar Belmokhtar fled to Libya and Iyad ag Ghali〔(RFI - Le terroriste islamiste Mokhtar Belmokhtar serait en Libye )〕 fled to Algeria.〔(Jeune Afrique : ''Mali : Iyad Ag Ghaly se cache en Algérie, selon les services français'' )〕
The operation is named after the medium-sized African wild cat species Serval.
==Background==
(詳細はLibyan Civil War, Tuareg tribesmen of the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) began a rebellion against Mali's central government.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mali Besieged by Fighters Fleeing Libya )〕 In April, the MNLA said it had accomplished its goals and called off its offensive against the government, proclaiming the independence of Azawad. In June 2012, however, the MNLA came into conflict with the Islamist groups Ansar Dine and the Movement for Oneness and Jihad in West Africa (MOJWA), after the Islamists began imposing Sharia in Azawad. By 17 July, MOJWA and Ansar Dine had pushed the MNLA out of all the major cities. On 1 September 2012, the town of Douentza, in the Mopti Region, until then controlled by the Ganda Iso militia, was taken by the MOJWA, and on 28 November 2012, the MNLA was pushed out of Léré, Timbuktu Region, by Ansar Dine.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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